mysql sql 修改表名建立外键修改列名删除列

–重命名表
rename table t_softwareport to software_port;

–建立外键
alter table software_port add constraint fk_software_port_softwareprocessid foreign key (softwareprocessid)
references software_process (id) on delete restrict on update restrict;

–删除列
alter table software_type
drop column upid,
drop column orderid;

–修改列名
alter table software_process change software_id softwareid int(11) not null;

MYSQL

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开源数据库 Sharding 技术 (Share Nothing)

大约1年前 - 59个评论

从 Shard 到 Sharding
“Shard” 这个词英文的意思是”碎片”，而作为数据库相关的技术用语，似乎最早见于大型多人在线角色扮演游戏(MMORPG)中。”Sharding” 姑且称之为”分片”。
Sharding 不是一门新技术，而是一个相对简朴的软件理念。如您所知，MySQL 5 之后才有了数据表分区功能，那么在此之前，很多 MySQL 的潜在用户都对 MySQL 的扩展性有所顾虑，而是否具备分区功能就成了衡量一个数据库可扩展性与否的一个关键指标(当然不是唯一指标)。数据库扩展性是一个永恒的话题，MySQL 的推广者经常会被问到：如在单一数据库上处理应用数据捉襟见肘而需要进行分区化之类的处理，是如何办到的呢? 答案是：Sharding。
Sharding 不是一个某个特定数据库软件附属的功能，而是在具体技术细节之上的抽象处理，是水平扩展(Scale Out，亦或横向扩展、向外扩展)的解决方案，其主要目的是为突破单节点数据库服务器的 I/O 能力限制，解决数据库扩展性问题。
事关数据库扩展性
说起数据库扩展性，这是个非常大的话题。目前的商业数据都有自己的扩展性解决方案，在过去相对来说比较成熟，但是随着互联网的高速发展，不可避免的会带来一些计算模式上的演变，这样很多主流商业系统也难免暴露出一些不足之处。比如 Oracle 的 RAC 是采用共享存储机制，对于 I/O 密集型的应用，瓶颈很容易落在存储上，这样的机制决定后续扩容只能是 Scale Up（向上扩展）类型，对于硬件成本、开发人员的要求、维护成本都相对比较高。
Sharding 基本上是针对开源数据库的扩展性解决方案，很少有听说商业数据库进行 Sharding 的。目前业界的趋势基本上是拥抱 Scale Out，逐渐从 Scale Up 中解放出来。
Sharding 的应用场景
任何技术都是在合适的场合下能发挥应有的作用。 Sharding 也一样。联机游戏、IM、BSP 都是比较适合 Sharding 的应用场景。其共性是抽象出来的数据对象之间的关联数据很小。比如IM ，每个用户如果抽象成一个数据对象，完全可以独立存储在任何一个地方，数据对象是 Share Nothing 的；再比如 Blog 服务提供商的站点内容，基本为用户生成内容(UGC)，完全可以把不同的用户隔离到不同的存储集合，而对用户来说是透明的。
这个 “Share Nothing” 是从数据库集群中借用的概念，举例来说，有些类型的数据粒度之间就不是 “Share Nothing” 的，比如类似交易记录的历史表信息，如果一条记录中既包含卖家信息与买家信息，如果随着时间推移，买、卖家会分别与其它用户继续进行交易，这样不可避免的两个买卖家的信息会分布到不同的更多 >

MySQL4.1以上版本字符集

大约2年前 - 244个评论

MySQL 4.1开始，对多语言的支持有了很大变化 (这导致了问题的出现)。尽管大部分的地方 (包括个人使用和主机提供商)，MySQL 3、4.0 仍然占主导地位；但 MySQL 4.1 乃至5.0是 MySQL 官方推荐的数据库，已经有主机提供商开始提供并将会越来越多；因为 latin1 在许多地方 (下边会详细描述具体是哪些地方) 作为默认的字符集，成功的蒙蔽了许多 PHP 程序的开发者和用户，掩盖了在中文等语言环境下会出现的问题。
MySQL 4.1开始把多国语言字符集分的更加详细，所以导致数据库迁移，或则dz论坛升级到4.0后（dz4.0开始使用gbk或utf-8编码）出现乱码问题。
MySQL 4.1的字符集支持(Character Set Support)有两个方面：字符集(Character set)和排序方式(Collation)。对于字符集的支持细化到四个层次: 服务器(server)，数据库(database)，数据表(table)和连接(connection)。
查看系统的字符集和排序方式的设定可以通过下面的两条命令：
QUOTE:
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE ‘character_set_%’;
+————————–+—————————-+
| Variable_name | Value |
+————————–+—————————-+
| character_set_client | latin1 |
| character_set_connection | latin1 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_results | latin1 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| 更多 >

mysql中用命令修改表结构的方法-alter

大约2年前 - 70个评论

ALTER [IGNORE] TABLE tbl_name alter_spec [, alter_spec ...]
alter_specification:
      ADD [COLUMN] create_definition [FIRST | AFTER column_name ]
  or ADD INDEX [index_name] (index_col_name,…)
  or ADD PRIMARY KEY (index_col_name,…)
  or ADD UNIQUE [index_name] (index_col_name,…)
  or ALTER [COLUMN] col_name {SET DEFAULT literal | DROP DEFAULT}
  or CHANGE [COLUMN] old_col_name create_definition
  or MODIFY [COLUMN] create_definition
  or DROP [COLUMN] col_name
  or 更多 >

手工编译Apache2.0.55、mysql4.0.26、php5.2.5安装配置

大约2年前 - 13,921个评论

apache编译参数：./configure –prefix=/usr/local/apache –enable-mods-shared=all –enable-ssl
mysql编译参数：./configure –prefix=/usr/local/mysql –localstatedir=/var/db/mysql
php编译参数：./configure –prefix=/usr/local/php –with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs –enable-force-cgi-redirect –disable-debug –with-pic –disable-rpath –enable-inline-optimization –with-bz2 –with-curl –with-exec-dir=/usr/bin –with-gd –enable-gd-native-ttf –with-ttf –with-gettext –with-ncurses –with-gmp –with-iconv –with-jpeg-dir –with-openssl –with-regex=system –enable-xml –with-zlib –with-layout=GNU –enable-bcmath –enable-exif –enable-ftp –enable-magic-quotes –enable-safe-mode –enable-sockets –enable-sysvsem –enable-sysvshm –enable-discard-path –enable-wddx –without-oci8 –enable-ucd-snmp-hack –enable-bcmath –enable-shmop –enable-calendar –enable-mbstring
详细安装配置如下：
Mysql安装配置如下：
１.tar -zxvf mysql.4.0.26.tar.gz
2.mkdir /var/db/mysql
chmod 0775 /var/db/mysql
chown mysql mysql
chgrp mysql mysql
2. 更多 >

mysql sql 修改表名 建立外键 修改列名 删除列